How To Write A Narrative Essay

How To Write A Narrative Essay The reference list is at the end of your essay and is a list of all the sources you used in-text to support your argument. The introduction usually contains background information about the topic, your position and a preview of how your ideas will be organised. Essays usually have an introduction, body paragraphs, a conclusion and a reference list. This means that the paragraphs follow a logical order . Have a global structure with themes arranged in a way that allows for a logical sequence of ideas. Be sure to provide a map, by previewing or outlining your essay, so that your target reader is at no time unsure which way you are going and where you are taking them. Now let’s summarise the main points of this tutorial. Remember to follow the formula to structure your introduction. The real value of writing introductions based on a simple structural formula is that you’re more likely to feel more confident about what you’re writing. As you develop your writing skills you can modify your style to suit your needs. These definitions may not always be necessary and you should use your own discretion based on the subject material. Click through the slides below to learn about the key characteristics of academic writing. Don’t be discouraged if you find such workâ€"develop it. All published academic works contain bibliographies that can point you to other papers. Use the on-line library catalogue to search for the books held by the University Library. It will also let you search for any publication citing your target article in its bibliography. You might want to rearrange paragraphs to a different position in your essay if they don't appear to fit in with the essay structure. Ideally the conclusion should summarize the key themes / arguments of your essay. State the take home message â€" don’t sit on the fence, instead weigh up the evidence presented in the essay and make a decision which side of the argument has more support. If there is a word count for your essay try to devote 10% of this to your introduction. You may not be the first to make these connections, but that doesn’t make them any less valid or interesting. This shows the person reading your essay that you have engaged with the topic and really thought about it, rather than just regurgitating what you read in the course textbook, or whatever. It is also a good policy to check your final draft with this in mind. Read each paragraph and ask yourself whether it addresses the topic. If you work continuously on your essay right up to the deadline, there is a very high likelihood that you won’t have done yourself justice. Aim to have what you subjectively feel is a “final” draft at least two days before the submission deadline. Use the remaining days to review your work at well-spaced intervals. This will help you look more objectively at your own work. They are always ready to help you if you need assistance at any stage of the writing process. This video will introduce useful advice on how to write a well-developed paragraph. Daily workshops are delivered throughout semester and target reading, writing, speaking and referencing skills. They are a great way to bring your academic literacy skills ‘up to speed’. This video will introduce useful advice and tips on how to write an effective conclusion to an essay, report or case study. If you experience difficulty in structuring and developing your body paragraphs, you can always talk to a HELPS Advisor or one of our volunteers. Throughout this short guide we use the term “essay” to mean any sort of academic writing assignment that you hand in for a course. Others will be concise reports of experiments or descriptions of economic or other data. However, they are all referred to herein as “essays,” and most of the principles of clarity, organization and presentation apply to them all. Be careful not to focus on only one minor point in the conclusion - it is essential to summarise all of the main points covered. A very common mistake that students make is introducing new material, new evidence or new points into their conclusion that have not been previously mentioned in the body of the essay.

What to Wear on Test Day (Seriously)

[caption: Actually not a bad idea] Advice for test day is easily doled out, and often hard to actually follow. Don’t cram the night before. Sleep as much as you possibly can. Eat a real, but not heavy breakfast, with only as much caffeine as you normally have. These are your goals, at least. On the question of clothes, the advice you are most likely to get is to be â€Å"comfortable.† In blogs and forums, I have seen shorts widely recommended for warm days, sweats for cold ones. These kinds of suggestions employ a rather narrow definition of â€Å"comfort,† which does not have to mean â€Å"slacker attire,† just as â€Å"comfort food† does not have to mean â€Å"Cup Noodles.† You actually do need layers. There is about a 50% chance the room will be freezing, especially if the test is in a warmer month. You should have a light base, a t-shirt or an oxford/blouse, and at least a light sweater or jacket ready to wear, if not a jacket jacket. Layers means no shorts/ no short skirts. You can’t layer coverage on your legs. It is safe to assume the room will not be so scorching that wearing pants will prove distractingly difficult, but if you take your seat at a cold desk in a cold room with only shorts and a t-shirt, your focus will be compromised before you start filling in your name. The test is not a dinner party; there is no reason you cannot take it in a coat. If the room is frigid, not only will you be as warm as you need to be, you’ll be more comfortable than your peers who either didn’t come prepared or have some stigma about wearing outerwear indoors. Comfort can be competitive. If you feel like nothing can touch you when you’re in your down jacket or giant hoodie, that’s a feeling you can harness for the exam. This is the point where my advice bifurcates a bit. Wear sweats or temperature regulating gear ONLY if that’s part of your normal look. Comfort on test day is the same as comfort during a normal school day or workday. In other words, if it would normally feel weird for you to dress like you plan on a day of Netflix, or like you are about to hike the Appalachian Trail, then don’t do that! Comfort means feeling confident, which means wearing your â€Å"best† clothes more than the most ergonomic ones. If it helps you get in the zone, dress up a bit, generally going for â€Å"business casual.† For my own part, I like to wear a proper oxford shirt even when working at home. Real confidence comes from taking yourself seriously, and feeling put together can help establish a capable mindset. There is no single strategy for every test-taker. Be comfortable, yes, but remember that the test site is a competitive, formalized space. Picture someone you would assume did well and embody that! Are you interested in working with a study skills tutor like Alex? ;

Public Policy Research Paper On Drugs Essay - 1711 Words

Public Policy Research Paper Drugs. They have entered our communities, our schools, our neighborhoods, our homes. For generations now they have been affecting our society; influencing politics, laws, wars, science, and the overall structure of society. Russia and Mexico have had some of the highest involvement in drugs, and the fight against them. In Russia almost 6 percent of the total population, which is about 8.5 million people are drug addicts, or regular users. Russia has also become increasingly involved in the trafficking of drugs. In comparison Mexico has been one of the largest marketplaces for drugs, and has been a major producer and exporter of marijuana and heroine. In order to further better their countries, Russia and Mexico have implemented certain policies to restrict, outlaw, or limit drugs and the trafficking of them. This paper is going to compare Russia’s and Mexico’s policies on drugs, it will explore the history and background of both countries policies, the effectiveness of each of the countries policies, and will compare the two countries policies. In this comparison we will discover which country if any has had a more effective policy on drugs. The History of Mexico’s Drug Policy For decades now Mexico has fought against drugs, and the trafficking of them. Endless amounts of wars have been fought, and laws have been broken. During the Echeverrà ­a and Lopez Portillo administrations around 1970-1982Show MoreRelatedJournals Should Stop Publishing Papers Backed By Pharmaceutical1428 Words   |  6 Pagesshould stop publishing papers backed by pharmaceutical companies. The main reason for this is that these papers cannot be trusted. Pharmaceutical companies conduct research with the goal of coming up with new products. Not new cures. This is why they use clever techniques to manipulate data, hire ghost writers and bury research that does not give them favorable results. As Tom McGarity narrates in his book Bending Science, How Special Interests Corrupt Public Health Research: The strategy begins withRead MoreEssay about Affects of Drug Abuse645 Words   |  3 PagesAssociate Level Material Appendix D Research Plan As part of your research plan, you must first draft a research question for your research paper that will guide the rest of your writing. A research question, which is more specific and focused than a general topic, is the question that your research paper will be answering. For example, if your general area of interest is social security, a possible research question might ask â€Å"How can low-income families save more money if the United StatesRead MoreReflection Paper On Public Schools And Private Schools1046 Words   |  5 PagesReflection Paper High school. For all, its the two words that outs you on a nostalgic trip down memory lane. For some it, brings us down a happy trip, for others, it make us cringe overtime someone mentions high school in a sentence. It all depends on your â€Å"background† in high school. There’s always been this argument present stating the difference between public schools and private schools. Its been said that the students attending private schools. Yes, I can say the public school system has partiallyRead MoreThe Constant Gardener, The 2005 Intellectual Thriller Directed By Fernando Meirelles1721 Words   |  7 Pagesstrongly illustrates how important it is for public health officials to regulate and monitor drug companies that are actively involved in the health care industry. In this film, we see the British and Swedish pharmaceutical corporations exploit the health conditions of Africans living in Kenya, and use them to test a new anti-tuberculosis drug. The main character in the film, Justin Quayle, begins his own investigation after the murder of his wife and her research partner, and gradually uncovers some disturbingRead MoreGovernment Response Of The Netherlands And The U.s.860 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction In these research paper I will analyze the government response in the Netherlands and the U.S.A. to the distribution and use of intoxicating substances by their respective citizens. I will also compare and contrast the role of the criminal justice system and its actors, incorporating relevant statistics and figures. To researches the project, I used google researches on the internet and journal articles Portrait of the Netherlands ( this section you need to change word I copyRead More Drug Laws of the Netherlands Essay1344 Words   |  6 Pages -Drug Laws of The Netherlands – Is a Permissive Legal System Better than a Restrictive One in the Case of Drugs? Introduction The Netherlands is one of the most highly developed countries in the world. It is an international, well-integrated country with policies that are among the world’s most liberal. In fact, The Netherlands has perhaps the most liberal view on drug use than any other country and has even gone to the extreme of extraordinarily relaxing its laws regarding ‘soft’ drugs. HoweverRead MoreHealthcare Legislation in the United States869 Words   |  3 Pages(this was previously designated S.369 (Policy and Medicine, 2011)). The goal of this paper is to examine this bill as to economic impact, equity, administrative resources, and the role of the nurse. The bill was introduced by Senator Kohl (WI) due to the practice in which drug companies provide money to makers of generic medications to delay the introduction of certain generic medications (Policy and Medicine, 2011). The reason that the original maker of the drug would want to delay the productionRead MoreThe Three Core Functions Of Public Health820 Words   |  4 Pagesthe introduction to public health and to answer three questions. What are the three core functions of public health? What are the essential services associated with each of these? What agencies (federal, state, or local) are responsible for carrying out these core functions and essential services? In the paper below these questions will be answered in reference to the E-learning video while using the provided sources. Core Functions What are the three core functions of public health? The threeRead MoreFinancing Issues Of Prescription Drugs1633 Words   |  7 PagesFinancing Issues in Prescription Drugs and the Ways to Establish Cost-Effective Strategy One of the biggest industries in the United States is healthcare industry, which accounts for over 17.5 percent of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the country. This big representation of the nation’s economic activities impacts the overall economy. In other ways, it’s also impacted by the general economy. While the health care industry continues to grow, transformationalRead MoreThe Health Care Industry Of The United States1695 Words   |  7 PagesMedicaid expansion, and the rapid increase of prescription drugs cost. In order to understand how each of the mentioned reasons impact the overall healthcare expenditure, it’s important to discuss one-by-one; however, this paper focuses only on financial issues in prescription drugs (Martin, Hartman, Benson, Catlin, 2015). Today, the globe is equipped with high technology, medical product, and prescription drugs. While prescription drugs not only have helped living longer but also improved the quality

Essay on American Indians - 704 Words

amp;#8220;amp;#8217;Indiansamp;#8217;: Textualism, Morality, and the Problem of History;, an essay written by Jane Tompkins, a professor of English at Duke University, outlines Tompkins dissatisfaction on how American Indians are portrayed throughout history. As children, we are taught that in amp;#8220;1492 Columbus sailed the ocean blue;, and that Peter Minuet bought all of Manhattan Island from the Indians for only twenty-four dollars worth of trinkets. In high school, we were taught that in World War II, the Germans were all heartless savages, and that the best course of action to end the war was to use the atomic bomb on Japan. It is seen that amp;#8220;the victor writes the history books.; In other words, the dominant†¦show more content†¦Tompkins began her research of the misrepresentation of American Indians with Perry Milleramp;#8217;s book Errand into the Wilderness. In his book, Miller writes, amp;#8220;the massive narrative of the movement of European culture int o the vacant wilderness of America.; This passage from Milleramp;#8217;s book provokes a shocking response from Tompkins. Tompkins is shocked that Miller referred to Americaamp;#8217;s wilderness as amp;#8220;vacant.; It is obvious that upon the arrival of European settlers to America, the settlers encountered the Indians at some point in time. Thus, Americaamp;#8217;s wilderness wasnamp;#8217;t amp;#8220;vacant.; Miller fails to observe the presence of the Indians. From his own personal experiences with the vast wilderness in Africa, Miller correlates that experience to the experiences that the settlers must have had when they arrived in America. It is clear that Milleramp;#8217;s own experiences have clouded his ability to give an unbiased and totally truthful account of history. amp;#8220;amp;#8230; What is invisible to the historian in his own historical moment remains invisible when he turns his gaze to the past,; (Tompkins, 412). nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The book, New England Frontier: Puritan and Indians, by Alden Vaughan, reconciled Milleramp;#8217;s position on the presence of Indians in American history. Vaughanamp;#8217;s book describes the interactions between theShow MoreRelatedIndian American Communication : Indian Americans1547 Words   |  7 PagesIndian-American Communication Indian-Americans are people who either originated themselves or descend from an ancestor who was born in India. The dynamics in a home where parents are native Indians and the children are first generation born Indian-Americans are quite different from other hyphenated American cultures. The languages used within the homes as well as the rituals to show levels of respect are critical things implemented within a family unit of this stature. The spoken and unspoken rulesRead MoreAmerican Indians And American Indian Indians1403 Words   |  6 PagesIndian students, â€Å"American Indian respondents tended to view the Fighting Sioux nickname/logo as not honoring University of North Dakota or the Sioux people† (LaRocque, McDonald, Weatherly, Ferraro, 2011 p. 3). This proves that there is a huge negative connotation associated with these school mascots and according to American Indians themselves, they are not pleased with the current situation. It is important to realize the ma jority of people claiming that they are honoring the American IndianRead MoreAmerican Indians And The American Indian1339 Words   |  6 Pagesand achieve set aspirations. The American Dream however, is hindered across the American Indian population, and in order for this hope of prosperity to come to fruition, American Indians need to be given the same opportunities as all other ethnic groups. The term American Indian is officially defined as, a member of one of the indigenous people of the Americas, esp. one of the people indigenous to the land in what is now the continental United States (â€Å"American Indian,† OED def.1). According the U.SRead MoreJhumpa Lahiri is an Indian American author who likes to write mainly about the experiences of other700 Words   |  3 Pages Jhumpa Lahiri is an Indian American author who likes to write mainly about the experiences of other Indian Americans. She is a very successful author. She won the Pulitzer Prize for her first novel and her fiction appears in The New Yorker often. One of those works from 1998 is a short story, â€Å"A Temporary Matter†, about a husband and a wife, Shukumar and Shoba, whose electricity will be temporarily cut off for one hour for five days. This seems simple enough, but as you read the story you find thatRead MoreThe Native American Indian Movement1311 Words   |  6 Pagesof the Native Americans, they were abused and exploited for millennia only to â€Å"benefit† people of higher power. Similar to other oppressed groups, there became a time when the American Indians began to stand for who they are and commenced fighting for the demolition of injustice. Because of the increasing need for a voice, members of the Native American communities band together to create the American Indian Movement (AIM). The initiation of AIM lead to a spur of American Indian non-violent protestsRead MoreEssay on The American Indian Movement1208 Words   |  5 PagesThe American Indian Movement is an organization in the United States that attempts to bring attention to the injustice and unfair treatment of American Indians. Aside from that, the AIM works for better protection and care for the American Indians and their families. They have been changing the American perception of Indians since the late 1960’s, as well as aiding our awareness of their existence. The AIM was founded in Minneapolis, Minnesota by Dennis Banks and Clyde Bellecourt, mainly to stopRead MoreThe American Indians1136 Words   |  5 PagesSubculture Assignment The American Indians are also known as Native Americans who are present within the United States and comprise varying ethnic groups and tribes and hold distinctive attributes which makes them different from the white Americans who are present in the society of the United States. The immigration to the US started from the 15th century due to which the society of the United States was seen to be holding distinctive tribes and immigrants who formed groups in the US and startedRead MoreAmerican Indian Movement Essay3074 Words   |  13 PagesAmerican Indian Movement: Activism and Repression Native Americans have felt distress from societal and governmental interactions for hundreds of years. American Indian protests against these pressures date back to the colonial period. Broken treaties, removal policies, acculturation, and assimilation have scarred the indigenous societies of the United States. These policies and the continued oppression of the native communities produced an atmosphere of heightened tension. Governmental pressureRead MoreDifferences Between American Culture And Indian Culture1167 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferent and very much the alike at the same time. On the other hand, some similarities also lie between two nations. While the culture of America is a mixture of different cultures, the Indian culture is unique and has its own values. There are many types of differences lies between American culture and Indian culture in terms of Religions, Languages, Rituals and Cuisines. Religious is a set of common beliefs and practices generally held by a gro up of people that is usually separated by ritualsRead MoreBlack Americans And Indian Americans2476 Words   |  10 Pages Black Americans and Indian Americans Institute of affiliation Name Date â€Æ' Abstract This paper explores the cultures of the dominant Indian-American culture and the Black American ethnic communities. Their way of life including their historical pasts, languages, religious ways and social relations will be deeply enumerated. A comparison will be included and similarities and differences drawn between the two groups. The groups will be compared on how they can interact in a professional setting

Security Essay Example For Students

Security Essay Security is the discipline of using effective protection measures to safeguard important assets from abuse. In other words, security is about protecting important things. Protection involves not just mechanisms (such as locks and doors), but also proper selection and use of mechanisms. Properly applied, the various disciplines of information security really come down to risk management that is not fundamentally different from risk management in other situations such as finance and insurance. In learning how to think constructively about managing risks, often the following common sense vocabulary is used:Asset: something important that needs protectionRisk: likelihood of threat leading to actual abuseCost (1): reduction in value of abused assetCost (2): amount of resources required to use security measures to protect an assetBenefit: the value of a security measureIt would be great if these terms asset, value, threat, risk, cost, benefit could be used scientifically, but when it comes to information systems, most of them are pretty squishy. Nevertheless, even a best guess is remarkably useful. If guesses about relative value and likelihood are consistently applied, then it is usually possible to decide on the priority of potential improvements in information security. Cost becomes a matter of budget. Most people with authority over funds for security can, if properly informed, make good decisions about how to allocate the budget. In many instances, it is possible to analy ze whether the incremental value of a high budget would be significant. Understanding of information security technology is necessary to make informed judgements like these. Fortunately, the essential technological aspects are not rocket science. There are several types of security issues: data security, computer security, system security, communication security, and network security. The term information security is often used to encompass all of them and to distinguish them from closely related and important issues such as physical security, operational security, and personnel security that do not rely primarily on computing technology. Computing is as risky as any other aspect of modern life, and in some sense more so because of the complexity of computing systems. Vulnerabilities exist at all levels: network, operating system, middleware and application because all software has bugs, administration is error-prone and users are unreliable. It is virtually impossible to develop any significant system without some errors in it. We know how to build bridges so the imperfections are tolerable. That is, we can build bridges that do not crash (if proper engineering methodology is followed), but we cannot build systems and applications that do not crash. In computing systems, flaws are often bugs repeatable situations in which the system behaves in an unintended manner. Each bug can also be a security vulnerability, if the bug can be used in a way that allows a failure of security: either authorized users exceeding their privileges, or unauthorized users gaining access to systems. Furthermore, the complexities of modern computing systems make them difficult to manage. Configuration and administrative errors also create security vulnerabilities. It can be difficult to determine whether the system is properly configured. For example, to harden Windows NT for usage on the Internet, Microsoft recommends over a hundred specific configuration changes that effectively turn off many features that led people to want to use NT. In addition, security experts have other recommendations in addition to those described by Microsoft. Computing, like life, has many threats. But what are the risks? Given the wide rage of threats, the sheer number of vulnerabilities, and the ever-increasing number of attackers, the risk is nearly 100 per cent that some incident will occur if information security is not addressed in a systematic manner. .ub45c0950265be246558333b55fb7c362 , .ub45c0950265be246558333b55fb7c362 .postImageUrl , .ub45c0950265be246558333b55fb7c362 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub45c0950265be246558333b55fb7c362 , .ub45c0950265be246558333b55fb7c362:hover , .ub45c0950265be246558333b55fb7c362:visited , .ub45c0950265be246558333b55fb7c362:active { border:0!important; } .ub45c0950265be246558333b55fb7c362 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub45c0950265be246558333b55fb7c362 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub45c0950265be246558333b55fb7c362:active , .ub45c0950265be246558333b55fb7c362:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub45c0950265be246558333b55fb7c362 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub45c0950265be246558333b55fb7c362 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub45c0950265be246558333b55fb7c362 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub45c0950265be246558333b55fb7c362 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub45c0950265be246558333b55fb7c362:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub45c0950265be246558333b55fb7c362 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub45c0950265be246558333b55fb7c362 .ub45c0950265be246558333b55fb7c362-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub45c0950265be246558333b55fb7c362:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Karl Marx Essay PaperThere are many different avenues of attack. Inadequate data security can provide unauthorized users access to sensitive information. Inadequate computer security can result from the use of weak passwords and allow abuse of user accounts. Applications filled with bugs can allow unauthorized transactions. Inadequate system security can result from a mis-configured operating system and allow unintended network access. Eavesdropping and password reuse are examples of inadequate communication security which can result in impersonation of individuals. Inadequate network security can lead to unintended Internet access to private systems. There are many examples of inadequate security. Who is hurt by these attacks? Internet access in this scenario affects the on-line consumer greatly, sometimes in

The advantages and disadvantages of organic farming free essay sample

The advantages and disadvantages of organic farming. In spite of organic farming’s unfortunate aspects, the number of farmers using this method is increasing due to its advantages. Such method of farming is of considerable benefit in the way that the issue of soil management can be effectively addressed. With organic farming, soil quality are maintained and fostered, which creates the best opportunity for farmers to take full advantage of soil for years. A further good point of this method is providing customers better products with higher nutritional content. For details, the products are poison free, more nutritious and tastier than normal ones due to farmers’ using less pesticide, fungicide, and herbicide. As the process of using organic cultivation is non – toxic and chemical free, this method is environment – friendly, which is another of its many plus points. Along with the merits, there are certain drawbacks when using organic farming. The first potential one is creating a lower overall ratio of production. We will write a custom essay sample on The advantages and disadvantages of organic farming or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Compared to conventional farming, organic farming gives farmers lower yields because some chemical fertilizers have better potential in pushing up the growing progress of organisms. Neither does organic farming artificially grow any crop nor does this farming method dwindle the growing period. Fifteen week, for instance, is the period of time farmers using organic cultivation have to wait to harvest a tomato crop while conventional farming method will decrease the time to ten weeks only. In conclusion, after weighing the pros and cons of organic farming, this method brings more benefits than disadvantages to its users.

Engel V. Vitale essays

Engel V. Vitale essays The year is 1962, and the Supreme Court is about to make a landmark ruling, concerning the constitutionality of faculty lead prayer in school. Democratic President John F. Kennedy is in his second year of his term. Many Americans saw the Kennedy administration as a liberal Presidency that was moderately pro-civil rights, and suspected that some changes would come during this term. The civil rights movement had been gaining more ground in ten years than it had in the past fifty. The landmark court decision Brown v. The Board of Education (1954) had outlawed public education segregation. Yet in 1957, the U.S. Armies 101st Division had to be brought in to desegregate Little Rock, Arkansas highschool to allow nine black teenagers to be educated in the predominantly white facility. So schools in the United States had been experiencing significant change before the Engel ruling. In 1962, the U.S. was still engaged in a bitter arms-race against the Soviet Union, with barely a year passing since the U.S.S.R. had successfully detonated a nuclear bomb. Tensions between the two countries had already been intensifying, particularly over the issue of Cuba. Cuba, just ninety miles south of the Florida coast was controlled by Communist dictator Fidel Castro. To the U.S., Cubas relations with the U.S.S.R. was perceived to be an escalating threat to U.S. security. In February of 62, the U.S. announced a trade embargo on all Cuban products and travel. Cuba was not happy with the U.S. either before or after. On April 17, 1961, a botched attempt to invade Cuba, later named the Bay of Pigs left Cuba immensely distrusting of its northern neighbor. While over in Europe, western relations with the Soviet Union greatly degraded because of the erection of the Berlin wall in August, 1961. With the possibility of a nuclear war against the last two superpowers, the majority of Americans felt it was their duty to line up behi...